Electric space heating systems in a smart city concept

Abstract

This study provides an overview of electric space-heating systems in the context of the smart city concept. The focus was on various electric heating technologies, including heat pumps, electric resistance heaters, electric boilers, electric furnaces, and other electric-based heating solutions. This study offers a comprehensive overview of each technology and discusses its operation, classification, and variations. The discussion encompasses several key aspects, such as exploring the efficiency levels achieved by these different technologies, examining the required expenditures associated with these systems, considering installation cost, maintenance, and energy consumption over their lifespan. Additionally, this study evaluates the environmental impact of these systems by comparing them to traditional heating methods, and mention integration renewable aspects and connectivity aspects to centralized control systems. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of electric space heating systems, covering their efficiency, required expenditures, environmental impacts, and connectivity aspects. The insights presented herein aim to contribute to making selection decisions regarding heating systems based on the aforementioned criteria.