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Title: | Effect of genotype, environment, and their interaction on the antioxidant properties of Durum wheat: impact of nitrogen fertilization and sowing time |
Authors: | Melios, Stergios Ninou, Elissavet G. Irakli, Maria Tsivelika, Nektaria Sistanis, Iosif Papathanasiou, Fokion Didos, Spyros Zinoviadou, Kyriaki Karantonis, Haralabos Christos Argiriou, Anagnostis Mylonas, Ioannis |
Editors: | Ortiz, Rodomiro |
Subjects LC: | Durum wheat Bioactive compounds Antioxidants Climate change adaptation Proteins |
Keywords: | Cultivars Antioxidant properties Phenolic compounds Protein GGE biplot Stability indices Cultivation practices Adaptation to climate change |
Issue Date: | 2024 |
Publisher: | MDPI |
Abstract: | In this study, the influence of genotype (G), environment (E), and their interaction (G × E) on the content of total free phenolic compounds (TPC) and the antioxidant capacity (AC) was investigated, using sixteen durum wheat genotypes cultivated under seven crop management systems in Mediterranean environments. Possible correlations between TPC and AC with protein content (PC) and vitreous kernel percentage (VKP) were examined. Gs that exhibited stability across diverse conditions were studied through a comprehensive exploration of G × E interaction using a GGE biplot, Pi, and 𝘒R. The results indicated significant impacts of E, G, and G × E on both TPC and AC. Across E, the mean values of G for TPC, ABTS (2’-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) values were 48.8 mg Trolox equivalents (TE)/100 g, 121.3 mg TE/100 g, 23.0 mg TE/100 g, and 88.4 mg TE/100 g, respectively. E, subjected to splitting top-dressing N fertilization, consistently showed low values, while the late-sowing ones possessed high values. Organic crop management maintained a stable position in the middle across all measurements. The predominant influence was attributed to G × E, as indicated by the order G × E > E > G for ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP, while for TPC, it was E > G × E > G. For TPC, the superior Gs included G5, G7 and G10, for ABTS included G3, G5 and G7, and for protein included G1, G9, and G16. G7 and G5 had a high presence of frequency, with G7 being the closest genotype to the ideal for both TPC and ABTS. These results suggest that the sowing time, nitrogen fertilization, and application method significantly impact the various antioxidant properties of durum wheat. This study holds significant importance as it represents one of the few comprehensive explorations of the impact of various Es, Gs, and their interactions on the TPC and AC in durum wheat, with a special emphasis on crop management and superior Gs possessing stable and high TPC and AC among them, explored by GGE biplot, Pi and 𝘒R. Further experimentation, considering the effect of the cultivation year, is necessary, to establish more robust and stable conclusions. |
Description: | This article was published as an Open Access article and belongs to the section "Crop Production" of the MDPI's Agriculture journal, volume 14, no. 2. |
Length: | 19 pages |
Type: | Journal Article |
Relation (Part Of): | Agriculture journal |
Publication Status: | Published |
URI: | https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14020328 https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/14/2/328 http://repository.afs.edu.gr/handle/6000/614 |
Citation: | Melios, S, Ninou, E, Irakli, M, Tsivelika, N, Sistanis, I, Papathanasiou, F, Didos, S, Zinoviaoud, K, Karantonis, HC, Argiriou, A, & Mylonas, I 2024, 'Effect of genotype, environment, and their interaction on the antioxidant properties of Durum wheat: impact of nitrogen fertilization and sowing time', Agriculture, vol. 14, no.2, pp. 1-19. |
Restrictions: | Open Access Attribution 4.0 International |
Language: | en |
Appears in Collections: | Journal Articles |
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